ICAR-IIAB Ranchi decodes world’s first Winged Bean Genome

PNS

Ranchi

Scientists at the ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (ICAR-IIAB), Ranchi, have achieved a landmark breakthrough by developing the world’s first high-quality chromosome-scale genome sequence of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), an underutilised but highly nutritious tropical legume. The research has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

The study provides the first comprehensive reference genome for winged bean, creating a valuable genomic resource expected to accelerate molecular breeding, genetic improvement and advanced research on the climate-resilient crop. The assembled genome spans nearly 698 Mb, with more than 98 per cent anchored to nine chromosomes. Researchers also identified 53,745 protein-coding genes, making it one of the most complete genomic resources available for an orphan legume.

The team employed state-of-the-art sequencing technologies, including PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing, Illumina sequencing, BioNano optical mapping and Hi-C chromosomal scaffolding, to generate the high-quality assembly. The study further identified over 750 genes linked to lipid metabolism, opening new possibilities for enhancing seed oil content, protein quality and other nutritional traits.

The achievement builds on the institute’s earlier success in decoding the complete chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of winged bean, together establishing a comprehensive genetic foundation for breeding, functional genomics and genome-editing programmes.

ICAR-IIAB Director Dr. Sujay Rakshit described the development as a transformative milestone for climate-resilient agricultural research. He said the reference genome would significantly speed up the development of improved and nutritionally superior varieties through modern breeding approaches. Since winged bean is traditionally cultivated and consumed by tribal communities in Jharkhand and several northeastern and eastern states, the research holds immense potential for improving nutritional security, enhancing farmers’ livelihoods and promoting sustainable agriculture.

The research was carried out by Dr. Kishor U. Tribhuvan and a multidisciplinary team of scientists at ICAR-IIAB, Ranchi, reaffirming the institute’s commitment to advancing biotechnology-driven solutions for food and nutritional security.